HIV, AIDS Resources
A. International Instruments
All resources in this section available at OHCHR, “Publications and Documents on HIV and AIDS”,(www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/HIV/Pages/Documents.aspx), unless otherwise indicated. Available in multiple languages.
Nonbinding
- International Labor Organization, Code of Practice on HIV/AIDS and the World of Work (June 1, 2001).
- International Labor Organization, Recommendation concerning HIV and AIDS and the World of Work, No. 200 (2010).
- UN, Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (August 30,1995).
www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/g1smr.htm - UN Commission on the Status of Women, Women, the girl child and HIV/AIDS. Resolutions 47/1 (2003), 50/2 (2006), 53/2 (2009), 55/2 (2011).
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 15: Women and AIDS (1990). www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm#recom15
- UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment no. 20: Nondiscrimination in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, E/C.12/GC/20 (2009). http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx?Symbol=E/C.12/GC/20
- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment no. 3: HIV/AIDS and the Rights of the Child, CRC/GC/2003/3 (2003). http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx?Symbol=CRC/GC/2003/3
- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment no. 4: Adolescent Health, CRC/GC/2003/4 (2003). http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx?Symbol=CRC/GC/2003/4
- UN General Assembly, Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, A/RES/S-26/2 (June 27, 2001).
- UN General Assembly, Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS, A/RES/60/262 (June 15, 2006).
- UN General Assembly, Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS, A/RES/65/277 (July 8, 2011).
- UN Human Rights Council, Access to medication in the context of pandemics such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Decision 2/107 (2006).
- UN Human Rights Council, Access to medication in the context of pandemics such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Resolutions 2003/29 (2003), 2004/26 (2004), 2005/23 (2005).
- UN Human Rights Council, Access to medicines in the context of right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. Resolutions 12/24 (2009), 17/14 (2011).
- UN Human Rights Council, Rights of the child. Resolution 2004/48 (2004).
- UN Human Rights Council, The right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. Resolutions 2004/27 (2004), 6/29 (2007), 15/22 (2010).
- UN Human Rights Council, The protection of human rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. Resolutions 16/28 (1997), 1997/33 (1997), 1999/49 (1999), 2001/51 (2001), 2003/29 (2003), 2003/47 (2003), 2004/26 (2004), 2005/23 (2005), 2005/84 (2005), 12/27 (2009), 16/28 (2011).
- UN Security Council, Children in armed conflict. Resolution 1460 (2003).
- UN Security Council, HIV and peacekeeping. Resolution 1983 (2011).
- UN Security Council, HIV/AIDS and peacekeeping. Resolution 1308 (2000).
- WHO, A Declaration on the Promotion of Patients’ Rights in Europe, ICP/HLE 121 (1994). www.who.int/genomics/public/eu_declaration1994.pdf
- WHO, Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property, WHA61.21 (2008). http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/A61/A61_R21-en.pdf
B. Regional Instruments
- WHO, Scaling up response the response to HIV/AIDS in the European Region of WHO, Resolution EUR/RC52/R9 (2002). www.euro.who.int/Governance/resolutions/2002/20021231_4
C. Other Statements & Declarations
- Global Treatment Access Group, The Global AIDS Crisis: 5 Steps for Canada—A Civil Society Platform for Action (2011). www.aidslaw.ca/gtag.
- Open Society Foundations, Demand for Action on TB and HIV (2007). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/public-health-watch-and-partners-demand-urgent-action-tb-and-hiv. Available in French, Portuguese and Spanish.
- Open Society Foundations, Human Rights and HIV/AIDS: Now More Than Ever [Joint Statement] (2009). www.hivhumanrightsnow.org. Available in Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish.
- Oslo Declaration on HIV Criminalization [international civil society organizations] (Feb. 13, 2012). www.hivjustice.net/oslo/.
D. General Resources
- Amon J. Preventing the Further Spread of HIV/AIDS: The Essential Role of Human Rights, Human Rights Watch (2006). www.hrw.org/legacy/wr2k6/hivaids/hivaids.pdf.
- Fundación Huésped, Guía de Buenas Prácticas ético legales en VIH/sida (2012). www.huesped.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/BP-Etico-Legales-WEB.pdf. Available in Spanish.
- Global Commission on HIV and the Law, HIV and the Law: Rights and Health (July 2012).
www.hivlawcommission.org/index.php/report. Available in Spanish, French and Russian. - Inter-Parliamentary Union, UNDP & UNAIDS, Taking action against HIV: A handbook for parliamentarians, No. 15 (2007). www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/manual/2007/20071128_ipu_handbook_en.pdf.
- Open Society Institute, 10 Reasons Why Human Rights Should Occupy the Centre of the Global AIDS Struggle (2009). www.hivhumanrightsnow.org.
- Open Society Institute, UNAIDS, and WHO, The Role of Human Rights in Ensuring Universal Access to HIV Testing and Counselling (2010). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/hiv-testing-human-rights-20091012.pdf.
- Robins S, “From ‘Rights’ to ‘Ritual’”: AIDS Activism in South Africa.” American Anthropologist 108, no 2 (2006):312-323. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/10.1525/aa.2006.108.2.312/pdf.
- Roseman MJ, Gruskin S. HIV/AIDS & Human Rights in a Nutshell. Toronto & Boston: ICASO & Program on International Health and Human Rights, 2005. www.hivlawandpolicy.org/resources/view/242.
- UNAIDS and OHCHR, International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights: 2006 Consolidated Version (2006). http://data.unaids.org/Publications/IRC-pub07/jc1252-internguidelines_en.pdf.
- UNAIDS and OHCHR, Handbook on HIV and Human Rights for National Human Rights Institutions (2007). www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/HandbookHIVNHRIs.pdf. Available in French and Spanish.
- UNAIDS, Terminology Guidelines (October 2011). www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2118_terminology-guidelines_en.pdf.
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the protection of human rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. Reports: E/CN.4/2003/81 (2003), A/HRC/4/110 (2007), A/HRC/10/47 (2009), A/HRC/16/69 (2010). www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/HIV/Pages/Documents.aspx.
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the UN High Commissioner on the protection of human rights in the context of HIV and AIDS, A/HRC/19/37 (2011).
www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/19session/A.HRC.19.37_en.pdf. - Vasquez J, Pan American Health organization, Human Rights & Health: Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (2008). www.paho.org/english/dd/pub/10069_HIV-Aids.pdf.
E. Right to Non-Discrimination and Equality
- AVERT, “HIV and AIDS Stigma and Discrimination.” www.avert.org/hiv-aids-stigma.htm#contentTable1.
- Bor J et al, Social exposure to an antiretroviral treatment programme in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, (Africa Centre and University of Kwazulu-Natal, 2011). www.africacentre.ac.za/Portals/0/News%20Archive/SA%20AIDS%20Conf%202011/02%20JacobBor.pdf.
- Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+), Evidence Brief: Stigma and Discrimination at Work: Findings from the People Living With HIV Stigma Index (2012). www.gnpplus.net/images/stories/Rights_and_stigma/SI_WorkBriefing_Online.pdf.
- Jewkes R, “Beyond Stigma: social responses to HIV in South Africa,” The Lancet 368, no. 9534 (2006). www.sciencedirect.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/science/article/pii/S0140673606691307.
- UNAIDS, HIV-related stigma, discrimination and human rights violations. Case studies of successful programmes, (2005). http://data.unaids.org/publications/irc-pub06/jc999-humrightsviol_en.pdf.
- UNAIDS, Key Programmes to Reduce Stigma and Discrimination and Increase Access to Justice in National HIV Responses, Guidance Note (2012). www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/document/2012/Key_Human_Rights_Programmes_en_May2012.pdf.
- UNAIDS, Reducing HIV Stigma and Discrimination: a critical part of national AIDS programmes: A resource for national stakeholders in the HIV response (2007). http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/JC1521_stigmatisation_en.pdf.
- UNAIDS & Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, Courting rights: case studies in litigating the human rights of people living with HIV: UNAIDS Best Practice Series (2006). http://data.unaids.org/Publications/IRC-pub07/jc1189-courtingrights_en.pdf.
F. Right to Marry and to Found a Family
- Open Society Institute, Mandatory Pre-Marital HIV Testing: An Overview (2010). www.soros.org/sites/default/files/mandatory-premarital-hiv-testing-20100513.pdf.
G. Right to Privacy
- Csete J and Elliott R, “Scaling up HIV testing: human rights and hidden costs,” HIV/AIDS Policy & Law Review 11, no. 1 (2006): 5-10. www.aidslaw.ca/publications/publicationsdocEN.php?ref=228. Available in French.
- Jürgens R, Increasing Access to HIV Testing and Counseling While Respecting Human Rights, Open Society Foundation Background paper (2007). www.unaids.org.cn/pics/20120821114907.pdf.
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to health (right to health and informed consent). A/64/272 (2009). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/450/87/PDF/N0945087.pdf.
- WHO and UNAIDS, Guidance on provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in health facilities (2007). www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/9789241595568_en.pdf.
- WHO and UNAIDS, UNAIDS/WHO Policy Statement on HIV Testing (2004). http://data.unaids.org/una-docs/hivtestingpolicy_en.pdf.
H. Freedom of Liberty of Movement
(See also Key Populations: “Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons”)
- Human Rights Watch, Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe, the European AIDS Treatment Group, and the African HIV Policy Network, Returned to Risk: Deportation of HIV-Positive Migrants (2009). www.hrw.org/reports/2009/09/24/returned-risk-0.
- Human RIghts Watch, Discrimination, Denial, and Deportation Human Rights Abuses Affecting Migrants Living with HIV (2009). www.hrw.org/reports/2009/06/18/discrimination-denial-and-deportation-0.
- International AIDS Society, HIV-specific entry and residence restrictions (January 19, 2009). www.iasociety.org/Web/WebContent/File/ias_policy%20paper.pdf.
- UNAIDS, Denying Entry, Stay and Residence Due to HIV Status: Ten Things You Need to Know (2009). www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/basedocument/2009/jc1738_entry_denied_en.pdf. Available in French, Spanish and Russian.
I. Freedom of Expression and Information
- UN Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression: Civil and Political Rights, including the question of freedom of expression, E/CN.4/2003/67 (2002). http://data.unaids.org/publications/external-documents-restored/specialrapporteur_opinion_en.pdf.
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression (access to information for the purposes of education on, and prevention of, HIV), AE/CN.4/2003/67 (2003). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G02/162/62/PDF/G0216262.pdf.
J. Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health; Right to Enjoy the Benefits of Scientific Progress and Its Applications
- Human Rights Watch, Global State of Pain Treatment: Access to Palliative Care as a Human Right (2011). www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/hhr0511W.pdf.
- Open Society Foundations, The State of Palliative Care and HIV/AIDS in Latin America (2008).
www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/state-palliative-care-and-hivaids-latin-america. - UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Secretary-General on access to medication in the context of pandemics, such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Reports: E/CN.4/2003/48 (2003), E/CN.4/2004/39 (2004), E/CN.4/2005/38 (2005), E/CN.4/2006/39 (2006), A/HRC/7/30 (2008). www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/HIV/Pages/Documents.aspx.
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to health (right to health in the context of access to medicines and intellectual property rights), A/HRC/11/12 (2009). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G09/127/11/PDF/G0912711.pdf.
K. Right to an Adequate Standard of Living and Social Security Services
- Nolan A, Social Protection in the Context of HIV and AIDS in Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Social Protection by OECD (2009). www.oecd.org/development/povertyreduction/43280854.pdf.
- International Labour Organization, Global Extension of Social Security: HIV/AIDS (updated 2011).
www.ilo.org/gimi/gess/ShowTheme.do?tid=1301&ctx=0. - Population Council, Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY): Providing social support, savings, and microcredit opportunities for young women in areas with high HIV prevalence, Transitions to Adulthood, Brief no. 15 (2006). www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/TABriefs/PGY_Brief15_TRY.pdf
- UNICEF, Enhancing Social Protection for HIV Prevention, Treatment, Care & Support –The State of Evidence (2010). www.unicef.org/aids/files/Social_Protection_Brief_LowresOct2010.pdf.
- UN Office of Drugs and Crime, Sustainable livelihoods: a broader vision: Social support and integration to prevent illicit drug use, HIV/AIDS and crime, Discussion Paper (2012). www.unodc.org/documents/alternative-development/SL%20Paper/Final_ebook.pdf.
L. Right to Work
- International Labor Organization, HIV still a major obstacle to employment security (July 24, 2012).
www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_185826/lang–en/index.htm.
M. Women and HIV
- Amnesty International, Women, HIV/AIDS and human rights (2004). www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ACT77/084/2004. Available in French and Spanish.
- AVERT, “Women, HIV and AIDS.” www.avert.org/women-hiv-aids.htm.
- Fried S et al, “Integrating interventions on maternal mortality and morbidity and HIV: A human rights-based framework and approach,” Health and Human Rights: An International Journal 14, no. 2 (2012). www.hhrjournal.org/index.php/hhr/article/view/512/776.
- Global Coalition of Women and AIDS. www.womenandaids.net.
- Human Rights Watch, “I can’t afford justice”: Violence against women in Uganda continues unchecked and unpunished (2010). www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR59/001/2010
- International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Programme, University of Toronto, Women, HIV/AIDS and Human Rights: An Annotated Syllabus (2008). www.law-lib.utoronto.ca/diana/women_hiv_aids/HIV_AIDS_Syllabus_Update_18_April_2.pdf.
- Maman S et al, HIV Testing During Pregnancy: A Literature and Policy Review (2008). www.hivpolicy.org/Library/HPP001647.pdf
- Open Society Foundations, Against Her Will: Forced and Coerced Sterilization of Women Worldwide (2011). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/against-her-will-forced-and-coerced-sterilization-women-worldwide
- Open Society Institute, Strategies for Change: Breaking Barriers to HIV Prevention, Treatment, and Care for Women (2008). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/strategies-change-breaking-barriers-hiv-prevention-treatment-and-care-women
- Open Society Institute, Tools for Change: Applying United Nations Standards to Secure Women’s Housing, Land, and Property Rights in the Context of HIV (2012). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/tools-for-change-20120416.pdf
- Open Society Institute, Women and HIV Testing, Policies, Practices, and the Impacts on Health and Human Rights, Public Health Fact Sheet (2008). www.soros.org/initiatives/health/focus/law/articles_publications/publications/womenhiv_20080730.
- Pinkham S, Malinowska-Sempruch K. Women, Harm Reduction, and HIV. New York: International Harm Reduction Development Program of the Open Society Institute. (2007). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/women_20070920.pdf
- Strickland RS, To Have and To Hold: Women’s Property and Inheritance Rights in the Context of HIV/AIDS in SubSaharan Africa, International Center for Research on Women: Working Paper (June 2004). www.icrw.org/files/publications/To-Have-and-To-Hold-Womens-Property-and-Inheritance-Rights-in-the-Context-of-HIV-AIDS-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa.pdf.
- UNAIDS, “Eliminating Gender Inequalities.” www.unaids.org/en/targetsandcommitments/eliminatinggenderinequalities/.
- UN Commission on the Status of Women, Report of the Secretary-General: Women, the girl child and HIV and AIDS, E/CN.6/2011/7 (December 3, 2010). www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw55/documentation.htm.
- UN Women, “Gender Equality and HIV/AIDS.” www.genderandaids.org/.
- University of California, “Women, Children and HIV: Resources for Prevention and Treatment.”
www.womenchildrenhiv.org/. - University of Toronto, “Women, HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Workshop”, Skill-Building Workshop Curriculum (2008), www.law-lib.utoronto.ca/diana/women_hiv_aids/HIV_AIDS_Syllabus_Update_18_April_2.pdf
- What Works for Women and Girls. www.whatworksforwomen.org.
- World Bank, Integrating Gender Issues into HIV/AIDS Programs: An Updated Operations Guide Feminization of HIV (Sept. 2010). http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRREGTOPHIVAIDS/Resources/Integrating_Gender_Issues_HIV_Programs_2010.pdf
N. Children and HIV
- AVERT, “Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) in Practice.” www.avert.org/pmtct-hiv.htm.
- Binagwaho A et al., “A question of maturity: participation, decision-making and rights of children in the context of HIV/AIDS”, Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 6, no. 4 (2011), 293–300. www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17450128.2011.626467
- Binagwaho A et al., “Adolescents and the right to health: eliminating age-related barriers to HIV/AIDS services in Rwanda”, AIDS Care 24, no. 7 (2012):936-42. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22292484
- Global youth coalition on HIV/AIDS (gyca). www.gyca.org.
- Human Rights Watch, A Question of Life or Death Treatment Access for Children Living With HIV in Kenya (2008). www.hrw.org/reports/2008/12/15/question-life-or-death-0
- Population Council, “HIV and Youth”, Factsheet July 2012. www.populationcouncil.org/pdfs/factsheets/HIV_Youth.pdf
- Population Council, “Protecting young people from sex without consent”, Transitions to Adulthood, Brief no. 7 (2011). www.populationcouncil.org/pdfs/TABriefs/07_Nonconsensual.pdf
- Richter L and Rama S, Building Resilience: A rights-based approach to children and HIV/AIDS in Africa (Save the Children, 2006). http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/content/library/documents/building-resilience-rights-based-approach-children-and-hivaids-africa.
- UNESCO, “HIV and AIDS: Human Rights: Young People.” www.unesco.org/new/en/hiv-and-aids/our-priorities-in-hiv/human-rights/young-people/.
- UNESCO and the Global Network of People Living with HIV, Positive Learning: Meeting the needs of young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) in the education sector (2012). http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002164/216485E.pdf.
- UNESCO & UNAIDS, HIV/AIDS and Human Rights: Young People in Action: A kit of ideas for youth organizations (2001). http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001264/126403e.pdf.
- UNICEF, Children and AIDS: Fifth Stocktaking Report (2010). www.unicef.org/publications/files/Children_and_AIDS-Fifth_Stocktaking_Report_2010_EN.pdf.
- UNICEF, “Child Info: Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women: Statistics by Area/ HIV/AIDS.” www.childinfo.org/hiv_aids.html.
- WHO, “Mother-to-child transmission of HIV.” www.who.int/hiv/topics/mtct/en/index.html.
- WHO, “Treatment of children living with HIV.” www.who.int/hiv/topics/paediatric/en/index.html.
- WHO, UNAIDS & OHCHR, HIV: Stand Up for Human Rights (2010). www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/HIVAIDSCartoonen.pdf
O. Criminalization of HIV Exposure and Transmission
- Amnesty International. Health and Human Rights Policy Paper Series. Criminalisation of HIV Transmission – Key Issues. London, 2008.
- HIV Justice Network. www.hivjustice.net/.
- Open Society Institute, 10 Reasons to Oppose the Criminalization of HIV Exposure or Transmission (December 2008). www.soros.org/publications/ten-reasons-oppose-criminalization-hiv-exposure-or-transmission. Available in French, Chinese, Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish and Russian.
- UNAIDS, Criminalisation of HIV Non-Disclosure, Exposure and Transmission: Scientific, Medical, Legal and Human Rights Issues (February 2012). www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/document/2012/KeyScientificMedicalLegalIssuesCriminalisationHIV_final.pdf.
- UNAIDS, Criminal Law, Public Health and HIV Transmission: A Policy Options Paper (2002). http://data.unaids.org/publications/IRC-pub02/jc733-criminallaw_en.pdf.
- UNAIDS and UNDP, Policy Brief: Criminalization of HIV Transmission (2008). www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/basedocument/2008/20080731_jc1513_policy_criminalization_en.pdf.
- Wolfe D and Csete J, “Decriminalization of Drugs as HIV Prevention”, Voices, Open Society Foundation, Jul. 11, 2012. www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/decriminalization-drugs-hiv-prevention
P. Key Populations – People who use drugs (See also “Prisoners”)
- AVERT, Universal Access for People who use Drugs. http://www.avert.org/universal-access-for-people-who-use-drugs.htm
- Brown C, “How Punitive Drug Policy Fuels the HIV Epidemic in Russia”, Voices, Open Society Foundations, Dec. 1, 2011. www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/how-punitive-drug-policy-fuels-hiv-epidemic-russia
- Global Commission on Drug Policy, The War on Drugs and HIV/AIDS: How the Criminalization of Drug Use Fuels the Global Pandemic (June 2012). www.globalcommissionondrugs.org/hivaids-pandemic/. Also available in Spanish and Russian.
- International Harm Reduction Association, Human Rights Watch, International Harm Reduction Development Program, and the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, Human Rights and Drug Policy (2010). www.ihra.net/contents/804
- Jurgens et al, “People who use drugs, HIV, and human rights”, Lancet 376 (2010): 475-485. www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)60830-6
- The Lancet, “HIV in People Who Use Drugs”, Jul. 20, 2010. Open Access. www.thelancet.com/series/hiv-in-people-who-use-drugs.
- Malinowska-Sempruch K and Gallagher S, eds., War on Drugs, HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. (New York: International Debate Education Association, 2004).
- Open Society Foundations, At What Cost? HIV and Human Rights Consequences of the Global “War on Drugs (2009). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/at-what-cost_20090302.pdf.
- Open Society Foundations, Harm Reduction at Work (2011). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/harm-reduction-work.
- Open Society Foundations, Treatment or Torture? Applying International Human Rights Standards to Drug Detention Centers (2011). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/treatment-or-torture-20110624.pdf.
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to health (right to health and international drug control, compulsory treatment for drug dependence and access to controlled medicines). A/65/255 (2010). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/477/91/PDF/N1047791.pdf.
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Applying a human rights-based approach to drug policies, A/HRC/10/44 (2009). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G09/129/53/PDF/G0912953.pdf.
- UN Office on Drugs and Crime, “Publications on HIV and Prison Settings”. www.unodc.org/unodc/en/hiv-aids/publications.html#publications%20on%20HIV%20and%20PVHT.
Q. Key Populations – Sex Workers
- AVERT, “Sex Workers and HIV Protection.” www.avert.org/sex-workers.htm.
- Center for Health and Gender Equity (CHANGE) and the Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law at American University, Human Trafficking, HIV/AIDS, and the Sex Sector: Human Rights for All (October 2010). www.genderhealth.org/files/uploads/change/publications/Human_Trafficking_HIVAIDS_and_the_Sex_Sector.pdf.
- Human Rights Watch, Sex Workers at Risk: Condoms as Evidence of Prostitution in Four US Cities (2012). www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/us0712ForUpload_1.pdf.
- Open Society Institute, Criminalizing Condoms: How Policing Practices Put Sex Workers and HIV Services at Risk in Kenya, Namibia, Russia, South Africa, the United States, and Zimbabwe (July 2012). www.soros.org/reports/criminalizing-condoms.
- International HIV/AIDS Alliance and Frontiers Prevention Project, Sex Work, Violence and HIV (2008). www.aidsalliance.org/includes/Publication/Sex_%20work_violence_and_HIV.pdf.
- UNFPA, Building Partnerships on HIV and sex work: Report and Recommendations from the first Asia and the Pacific Regional Consultation on HIV and sex work (March 2011). http://asiapacific.unfpa.org/webdav/site/asiapacific/shared/Publications/2011/Building%20Partnerships%20on%20HIV%20and%20Sex%20Work%202.pdf.
- UNAIDS, UNAIDS Guidance Note on HIV and Sex Work (2009). www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2009/JC2306_UNAIDS-guidance-note-HIV-sex-work_en.pdf
- UN Office on Drugs and Crime, “Publications on HIV and Prison Settings”. www.unodc.org/unodc/en/hiv-aids/publications.html#drug%20users.
R. Key Populations – LGBTQ and MSM
- AVERT, HIV, AIDS and Men who have sex with men, www.avert.org/men-sex-men.htm.
- Amnesty International, Anti-homosexuality bill is inherently discriminatory and threatens broader human rights (2010). www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR59/003/2010/en.
- Baral S et al., “HIV Prevalence, Risks for HIV Infection, and Human Rights among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Malawi, Namibia, and Botswana”, PLoS One 4, no. 3 (2009). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/hiv-prevalence-risks-hiv-infection-and-human-rights-among-men-who-have-sex-men-malawi.
- Global Forum on MSM and HIV, www.msmgf.org/.
- International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults (2012). Available in multiple languages. http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/1161.
- Makofane K et al, “Men who have sex with men inadequately addressed in African AIDS National Strategic Plans,” Global Public Health 8, no. 2 (Feb. 2013). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23252398
- Soros Foundation, Access to Health Care for LGBT People in Kyrgyzstan (2007). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/kyrgyzstan_20071030.pdf.
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to health (right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission). A/HRC/14/20 (2010). http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G10/131/18/PDF/G1013118.pdf.
S. Key Populations – Prisoners (See also “People who use drugs”)
- ACLU National Prison Project and Human Rights Watch, Southern Exposure: Human Rights and HIV in the Southern United States (2010). www.hrw.org/node/94476.
- Amon J, “The HIV and TB Prison Crisis in Southern Africa”, The Huffington Post, July 23, 2010,
www.huffingtonpost.com/joe-amon/the-hiv-and-tb-prison-cri_b_656961.html. - Human Rights Watch, “Even dead bodies must work”: health, hard labor, and abuse in Ugandan prisons. (2011). www.hrw.org/reports/2011/07/14/even-dead-bodies-must-work.
- Human Rights Watch, Unjust and Unhealthy: HIV, TB, and Abuse in Zambian Prisons. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2010. www.hrw.org/reports/2010/04/27/unjust-and-unhealthy-0.
- Jurgens R, Nowak M, Day M (2011) HIV and incarceration: prisons and detention. J Int AIDS Soc 14: 26. Doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-14-26
- Open Society Foundations, Pretrial Detention and Health: Unintended Consequences, Deadly Results (2011). www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/pretrial-detention-and-health-unintended-consequences-deadly-results.
- Todrys KW et al., “Imprisoned and imperiled: access to HIV and TB prevention and treatment, and denial of human rights, in Zambian prisons”, Journal of the International AIDS Society 14, no. 8 (2011). www.biomedcentral.com/1758-2652/14/8.
- Todrys KW, Amon JJ, “Criminal Justice Reform as HIV and TB Prevention in African Prisons”, PLoS Medicine 9, no. 5 (2012). www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001215.
- UNODC, WHO, and UNAIDS, HIV Prevention, Care, Treatment and Support in Prison Settings: A Framework for an Effective National Response (2006). www.unodc.org/documents/hiv-aids/HIV-AIDS_prisons_Oct06.pdf.
- UN Office on Drugs and Crime, “Publications on HIV and Prison Settings”. www.unodc.org/unodc/en/hiv-aids/publications.html#prison.
T. Key Populations – People with Disabilities
- Groce N et al, HIV/AIDS and Disability: Capturing Hidden Voices (New Haven, Connecticut: World Bank Group/Yale School of Public Health) (2004). http://globalsurvey.med.yale.edu.
- Human Rights Watch, HIV and Disability (2012). www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/2012_HIV_Disability_Brochure_LOWRES.pdf.
- Human Rights Watch, Fact Sheet: HIV/AIDS and Disability (2011).
www.hrw.org/news/2011/06/08/fact-sheet-hivaids-and-disability . - Schleifer R and Knight K, “The disabled often are denied information about sex and HIV”, Human Rights Watch, Dec. 1, 2012. www.hrw.org/news/2012/12/01/disabled-often-are-denied-information-about-sex-and-hiv.
- UNAIDS, WHO, and OHCHR, Disability and HIV Policy Brief (2009).
www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/HIV/DisabilityAndHIV_April2009.pdf.
U. Key Populations – Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
(See also “Right to Liberty of Movement”)
- IASC Guidelines for Addressing HIV in Humanitarian Settings. www.aidsandemergencies.org/cms/documents/20101015/IASC_HIV_Guidelines_2010_En.pdf.
- OHCHR, 10 Key Points on HIV/AIDS and the Protection of Refugees, IDPs and Other Persons of Concern. www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/HIV/SummaryHIV.pdf.
- OHCHR, Note on HIV/AIDS and the Protection of Refugees, IDPs and Other Persons of Concern.
www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/HIV/HIV_AIDS_IDP.pdf.
V. Journals
- Health and Human Rights. www.hhrjournal.org.
A journal dedicated to studying the relationship between human rights and health. Three issues of the journal have focused on HIV/AIDS and human rights. - HIV/AIDS Policy and Law Review. www.aidslaw.ca.
Provides analysis and summaries of current developments in HIV/AIDS-related policy, law, and
human rights.
W. Blogs and Listservs
- AIDS and Rights: A Collaborative Blog Focused on HIV and AIDS and Human Rights.
www.eliminateaids.blogspot.com. - American Bar Association AIDS Coordinating Committee, HIV-LEGAL Listserv. www.americanbar.org/groups/individual_rights/projects/aids_coordinating_project/resources.html.
- HealthGAP: Global Access Project. www.healthgap.org.
- UNICEF: Children and Aids Newsletter. www.childrenandaids.com/.
X. Training Manuals
- Joint Oxfam HIV/AIDS Programme, HIV/AIDS and the Law: A Trainer’s Manual (second edition, 2005). www.aln.org.za/downloads/HIV_AIDS_and_the_Law_Complete_Manual.pdf.
- South African Litigation Centre, SALC Litigation Manual Series: Equal Rights for All: Litigating Cases of HIV-related Discrimination (2011). www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/1/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/HIV-and-Discrimination-Manual-pdf.pdf.
- South African Litigation Centre, SALC Litigation Manual Series: Litigation Cases of HIV Testing and Confidentiality of Status (November 2012). www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/1/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Litigating-Cases-of-HIV-Testing-and-Confidentiality-of-Status-Final.pdf.
- UNAIDS, Handbook for Parliamentarians: Taking Action Against HIV (2007). www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/manual/2007/20071128_ipu_handbook_en.pdf.
Y. Websites
- Accion Ciudadana Contra el SIDA (Venezuela) : www.accsi.org.ve (Spanish only).
- Act Up (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power): www.actupny.org.
- AIDS Law Unit of the Legal Assistance Centre (Namibia): www.lac.org.na.
- AIDS Legal Network (South Africa): www.aln.org.za.
- AIDSLEX: www.aidslex.org.
- AVERT: www.avert.org/.
- Botswana Network on Ethics, Law, and HIV (BONELA): www.bonela.org.
- Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network: www.aidslaw.ca/.
- Center for HIV Law and Policy: www.hivlawandpolicy.org.
- Center for Reproductive Rights: http://reproductiverights.org/en/our-issues/hiv/aids.
- Global Commission on HIV and the Law: www.hivlawcommission.org.
- Human Rights Watch: www.hrw.org/topic/health/hivtb.
- Hungarian Civil Liberties Association: www.tasz.hu
- International Council of AIDS Service Organizations (ICASO): www.icaso.org.
- Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS Unit (India): www.lawyerscollective.org.
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, HIV/AIDS and Human Rights: www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/HIV/Pages/HIVIndex.aspx.
- Open Society Institute – Public Health Program, HIV/AIDS:
www.opensocietyfoundations.org/topics/hivaids. - Southern African Litigation Centre: www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/our-programmes/hivaids/.
- The People Living with HIV Stigma Index: www.stigmaindex.org/.
- Uganda Network on Law, Ethics, and HIV: www.uganet.org.
- UNAIDS: www.unaids.org.
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), HIV/AIDS: www.undp.org/hiv/focus03.htm.
- World Health Organization (WHO): www.who.int/topics/hiv_aids/en/.
- Zambia AIDS Law Research and Advocacy Network (ZARAN): www.zaran.org.