LGBTI Resources
A. International Instruments
- UN Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Special Rapporteur, Nigel S. Rodley, on the question of the human rights of all persons subjected to any form of detention or imprisonment, in particular: torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, E/CN.4/1995/34 (January 12, 1995).
- UN Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Special Rapportuer on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, Paul Hunt, E/CN.4/2004/49 (February 16, 2004).
- UN Committee Against Torture, General Comment 2: Implementation of article 2 (prevention of acts of torture) by States parties, CAT/C/GC/2 (January 24, 2008). http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/comments.htm.
- UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), General Comment No. 14 on the right to the highest attainable standard of health, E/C.12/2000/4 (August 11, 2000).
- UN General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Nigel S. Rodley, A/56/156 (July 3, 2001). http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/56/a56156.pdf.
- UN Human Rights Council, Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, A/HRC/RES/17/19 (July 14, 2011).
- UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health: examining the relationship between the right to the highest attainable standard of health and the criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex work, and HIV transmission, A/HRC/14/20 (April 27, 2010). http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.20.pdf.
B. Regional Instruments
- Council of Europe, Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, CETS No.: 210, Open for signature November 5, 2011 [Not entered into force as of July 29, 2013]. http://www.conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/210.htm.
- Article 4(3) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.
- Council of Europe, Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)5 of the Committee of Ministers for member states on measures to combat discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity (March 31, 2010). https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=CM/Rec%282010%295&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original&BackColorInternet=C3C3C3&BackColorIntranet=EDB021&BackColorLogged=F5D383.
- Council of Europe, Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)5 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on measures to combat discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity – Explanatory Memorandum, CM(2010)4 add 3 final (March 21, 2010). https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1570957&Site=COE.
- Council of Europe, Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination, Tackling discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, Revised Memorandum (March 15, 2013). http://www.assembly.coe.int/Communication/aega17_2013.pdf.
- Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, Resolution 1728 (2010). http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta10/ERES1728.htm.
- Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, Recommendation 1915 (2010). http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta10/EREC1915.htm.
- Council of Europe, Working Party on Human Rights, Toolkit to Promote and Protect the Enjoyment of all Human Rights by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) People, 11179/10 (June 17, 2010). http://eeas.europa.eu/human_rights/lgbt/docs/toolkit_en.pdf.
- Council of the European Union, Guidelines to Promote and Protect the Enjoyment of All Human Rights by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) Persons (June 24, 2013). http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/137584.pdf.
- European Parliament, Resolutions on Racism and Homophobia in Europe (January 2006). www.ilga.org/news_results.asp?FileID=736.
- European Union, Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000, establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation (November 27, 200). http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0078:en:HTML.
- Organisation of American States, Inter-American Convention Against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance, AG/RES. 2804 (XLIII-O/13), (June 6, 2013). http://www.oas.org/consejo/GENERAL%20ASSEMBLY/AG43regular.asp.
C. Other Statements and Declarations
- Yogyakarta Principles: The Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (March 2007). http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/.
- International Conference on LGBT Human Rights, The Montreal Declaration (July 2006).
www.declarationofmontreal.org. - International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, ADEFRA Declaration: Violence Against Lesbian Women in Africa (Oct. 20, 2006). www.ilga.org/news_results.asp?LanguageID=1&FileCategoryID=1&FileID=901&ZoneID=4/.
D. LGBTI and Human Rights
- Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights, Human Rights and Gender Identity (July 29, 2009). https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1476365.
- Ettelbrick PL and Zerán AT, The Impact of the Yogyakarta Principles on International Human Rights Law Development: A Study of November 2007 – June 2010 (September 10, 2010). http://ypinaction.org/files/02/57/Yogyakarta_Principles_Impact_Tracking_Report.pdf.
- Heinze E, Sexual Orientation – A Human Right: An Essay on International Human Rights Law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2005).
- International Commission of Jurists, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in International Human Rights Law: The ICJ UN Compilation (2013). http://icj.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/SOGI-UN-Compil_electronic-version.pdf.
- International Commission of Jurists, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law: Practitioners’ Guide No. 4 (July 22, 2009). [Available in English, Spanish, French, and Nepali]. http://www.icj.org/practitioners-guide-no-4-sexual-orientation-gender-identityand-international-human-rights-law/.
- International Commission of Jurists, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Justice: A Comparative Law Casebook (Sep. 6, 2011). http://www.icj.org/sexual-orientation-gender-identity-and-justice-a-comparative-law-casebook/.
- International Commission of Jurists and the International Human Rights Program at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Legislative Database (2013). http://www.icj.org/sogi-legislative-database/.
- International Conference on Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Oslo 15-16 April 2013, Summary and Toolkit. http://www.hrsogi.org/pop.cfm?FuseAction=Doc&pAction=View&pDocumentId=48103.
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, Gender Expression and Human Rights (April 30, 2007). http://www.iglhrc.org/content/international-gender-expression-and-human-rights.
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, Intersexuality Is a Human Rights Issue (April 30, 2007). http://www.iglhrc.org/content/international-intersexuality-human-rights-issue.
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, Making the Mountain Move: An Activist’s Guide to How International Human Rights Mechanisms Can Work for You (Dec. 18, 2000). http://www.iglhrc.org/binary-data/ATTACHMENT/file/000/000/179-1.pdf.
- ILGA-Europe Reports: http://www.ilga-europe.org/home/publications/reports_and_other_materials. Including:
- Rainbow Europe Map and Index (January 2012).
- Human Rights and Gender Identity: Best Practice Catalogue (December 2011).
- Toolkit for Training Police Officers on Tackling LGBTI-phobic crime (October 2011).
- Annual Review: The Human Rights Situation of LGBTI People in Europe (2011).
- 6 steps to effective LGBT Human Rights Advocacy (2010).
- O’Flaherty M and Fisher J, “Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law: Contextualising the Yogyakarta Principles,” 8(2) Human Rights Law Review (2008): 207-248.
- Saiz I, Bracketing Sexuality: Human Rights and Sexual Orientation-A Decade of Development and Denial at the UN, SPW Working Paper No. 2 (November 2005). http://sxpolitics.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/workingpaper2.pdf.
- UN Free and Equal Campaign, Fact Sheets [LGBT Rights: Frequently Asked Questions, International Human Rights Law, Equality and Non-Discrimination, Criminalization, Violence]. https://www.unfe.org/en/fact-sheets.
- UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Born Free and Equal: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in International Human Rights Law (2012). http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/BornFreeAndEqualLowRes.pdf.
E. LGBTI and Discrimination
- Council of Europe, Combating discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity: Council of Europe Standards (June 2011). http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/hrpolicy/Publications/LGBT_en.pdf.
- Council of Europe, Discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity in Europe, 2nd Edition (September 2011). http://www.coe.int/t/Commissioner/Source/LGBT/LGBTStudy2011_en.pdf.
- European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, LGBT Publications: http://fra.europa.eu/en/theme/lgbt?page=publications.
- EU LGBT survey – European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender survey – Results at a glance (May 2013)
- Homophobia, transphobia and discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity in the EU Member States (June 2011)
- Homophobia, transphobia and discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity (November 2013)
- Homophobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation in the EU Member States Part I – Legal Analysis (June 2008)
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on International Protection NO.9: Claims to Refugee Status based on Sexual Orientation and/or Gender Identity within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (October 23, 2012). http://www.unhcr.org/509136ca9.pdf.
F. LGBTI and the Right to Health
- Gooren LJG, “Hormonal Sex Reassignment,” International Journal of Transgenderism, 3 (1999).
- Guterman L, Why are doctors still performing genital surgery on infants? (Open Society Foundations, January 2012). http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/why-are-doctors-still-performing-genital-surgery-on-infants.
- The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Youth and Student Organisation, The health and wellbeing of LGBTQI youth. http://www.iglyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Health-and-Wellbeing-of-LGBTQI-Youth-.pdf.
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), Off the Map: How HIV/AIDS Programming is Failing Same-Sex Practicing People in Africa (2007). http://www.iglhrc.org/sites/default/files/6-1.pdf.
- Mahon C, “Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and the Right to Health,” in Clapham A, Robinson M, Mahon C and Jerbi S,eds., Realizing the Right to Health, Swiss Human Rights Book, Vol. 3 (Zurich: Rüffer & Rub, 2009). http://www.swisshumanrightsbook.com/etc/medialib/downloads/edazen/topics/human/srbook.Par.0065.File.tmp/14_453_Mahon.pdf.
- National Coalition for LGBT Health (US), Guiding Principles for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Inclusion in Health Care. http://lgbthealth.webolutionary.com/sites/default/files/LGBT%20Health%20Manifesto.pdf.
- Open Society Foundations, Transforming Health: International Rights-Based Advocacy for Trans Health (February 2013). http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/transforming-health.
- Sheilds A, Access to Health Care for LGBT People in Kyrgyzstan (Open Society Foundations, July 2007). http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/access-health-care-lgbt-people-kyrgyzstan.
- The Knowledge for Health (K4Health) Project, LGBTI Populations and HIV Prevention Toolkit (last updated August 13, 2013). http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/lgbti-hivprevention.
- The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Youth and Student Organisation, Guidelines for LGBTQ-Inclusive Education (2012). http://www.iglyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/IGLYO_Guidelines.pdf.
G. Violence and Torture against LGBTI Persons
- Amnesty International, Crimes of Hate, Conspiracy of Silence: Torture and Ill-Treatment based on Sexual Identity (June 21, 2001). http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ACT40/016/2001. [Available in English, Arabic, Spanish and French].
- Balzer C, Hutta JS, et al., Transrespect versus Transphobia Worldwide: A Comparative Review of the Human-rights Situation of Gender-variant/Trans People (November 2012). http://www.transrespect-transphobia.org/uploads/downloads/Publications/TvT_research-report.pdf.
- Boucai MD, ‘Legal Remedy for Homophobia: Finding a Cure in the International Right to Health’ 6 Georgia Journal of Gender and Law 21 (2005). [Not open source]
- Human Rights Watch and International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), More than a Name: State-Sponsored Homophobia and Its Consequences in Southern Africa (January 2003). http://www.iglhrc.org/cgi-bin/iowa/article/publications/reportsandpublications/573.html.
- Human Rights Watch
- Controlling Bodies, Denying Identities: Human Rights Violations against Trans People in the Netherlands (September 13, 2011). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2011/09/13/controlling-bodies-denying-identities-0.
- Fear for Life: Violence against Gay Men and Men Perceived as Gay in Senegal (November 30, 2010). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/11/30/fear-life-0.
- Forbidden: Institutionalizing Discrimination against Gays and Lesbians in Burundi (July 29, 2009). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2009/07/30/forbidden-0.
- Guilty by Association: Human Rights Violations in the Enforcement of Cameroon’s Anti-Homosexuality Law (March 21, 2013). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/03/21/guilty-association.
- Hated to Death: Homophobia, Violence and Jamaica’s HIV/AIDS Epidemic (November 2004). http://hrw.org/reports/2004/jamaica1104/jamaica1104.pdf.
- Hatred in the Hallways: Violence and Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Students in U.S. Schools (May 1, 2001). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/05/01/hatred-hallways.
- In a Time of Torture: The Assault on Justice In Egypt’s Crackdown on Homosexual Conduct (March 2004). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/02/29/time-torture-0.
- Lebanon: Stop Tests of Shame: Authorities Order Anal Examinations of Men Charged with Homosexuality (August 10, 2012), http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/08/10/lebanon-stop-tests-shame.
- “Not Worth a Penny”: Human Rights Abuses against Transgender People in Honduras (May 29, 2009). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2009/05/29/not-worth-penny-0.
- These Everyday Humiliations: Violence Against Lesbians, Bisexual Women, and Transgender Men in Kyrgyzstan (October 6, 2008). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/10/06/these-everyday-humiliations-0.
- “They Hunt Us Down for Fun”: Discrimination and Police Violence Against Transgender Women in Kuwait (January 15, 2012). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/01/15/they-hunt-us-down-fun.
- “They Want Us Exterminated”: Murder, Torture, Sexual Orientation and Gender in Iraq (August 17, 2009). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2009/08/17/they-want-us-exterminated-0.
- Together, Apart: Organizing around Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Worldwide (June 11, 2009). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2009/06/10/together-apart.
- We are a Buried Generation”: Discrimination and Violence against Sexual Minorities in Iran (December15, 2010). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/12/15/we-are-buried-generation.
- Uganda: State Homophobia Threatens Health and Human Rights (August 23, 2007). http://www.hrw.org/news/2007/08/21/uganda-state-homophobia-threatens-health-and-human-rights.
- “We Have the Upper Hand”: Freedom of assembly in Russia and the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people (June 13, 2007). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2007/06/13/we-have-upper-hand.
- “We Need a Law for Liberation”: Gender, Sexuality, and Human Rights in a Changing Turkey (May 22, 2008). http://www.hrw.org/reports/2008/05/21/we-need-law-liberation-0.
- “We’ll Show You You’re a Woman”: Violence and Discrimination against Black Lesbians and Transgender Men in South Africa (2011), available at: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/southafrica1211.pdf.
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, Violations of the Rights to Freedom of Expression, Assembly, and Association Related to Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression: A report prepared by the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission for the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression and the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Human Rights Defenders (October 30, 2007). http://www.iglhrc.org/sites/default/files/155-1.pdf.
- TGUE, Trans Murder Monitoring Project. http://www.tgeu.org/node/53.
- UN Human Rights Council, Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, A/HRC/19/41 (November 17, 2011). http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Discrimination/Pages/LGBTUNReports.aspx.
H. Networks
- ARC International, SOGI listserv: http://arc-international.net/network-development/sogi-listserv.
- “The SOGI list provides a space for global advocacy, focusing on discussions and strategies related to sexuality, sexual rights, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity and gender expression, and seeks to situate these discussions within a broader human rights framework.”
I. Websites
- American Civil Liberties Union [United States]: http://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights.
- ARC International: http://arc-international.net.
- The European Parliament’s Intergroup on LGBT Rights: http://www.lgbt-ep.eu/.
- Funders for LGBTQ Issues: http://www.lgbtfunders.org/.
- Human Rights Campaign [United States]: http://www.hrc.org/.
- Human Rights Watch, LGBT Rights: http://www.hrw.org/topic/lgbt-rights.
- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Unit on the Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Trans, Bisexual and Intersex Persons: https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/lgtbi/default.asp.
- International Commission of Jurists http://www.icj.org/
- International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC). www.iglhrc.org.
- International Gay and Lesbian Youth Organization http://www.iglyo.com/
- International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association: http://ilga.org/.
- International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) Europe: www.ilga-europe.org.
- International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer Youth and Student Organization:
http://www.iglyo.com/. - Russian LGBT Network. www.lgbtnet.ru.
- Sexual Rights Initiative: http://sexualrightsinitiative.com/.
- Transgender Europe (TGEU): http://www.tgeu.org/.
- UN Free and Equal Campaign: https://www.unfe.org/en.
- UN Human Rights Council Panel on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (March 2012): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Discrimination/Pages/PanelSexualOrientation.aspx.
- UN OHCHR, Combatting discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Discrimination/Pages/LGBT.aspx.